Philately, the study and collection of postage stamps, has a rich history interwoven with significant global events. One such instance of historical relevance in stamp collecting is the issuance of the Russian War Charity stamps in 1914 and 1915. These stamps, known as the T 31 series, were created during World War I to support war-related charitable causes. Designed by R. Zarins, these stamps not only served a postal purpose but also symbolized Russia’s wartime efforts and cultural heritage.
This blog post explores the background, design, variations, and significance of these iconic stamps.
The Historical Context: World War I and Philatelic Support
As World War I raged across Europe, Russia found itself in need of financial resources to support its war effort. One method used to generate funds was through the issuance of charity stamps. These stamps were sold at a surcharge, with the extra funds directed toward war-related causes.
The Russian government leveraged the widespread use of postal services to encourage public participation in this fundraising effort. The proceeds from these stamps were specifically allocated to widows and orphans of Russian soldiers through the Imperial Women’s Patriotic Union.
The 1914 War Charity Stamps
Design and Iconography
Issued on November 26, 1914, the first series of War Charity stamps featured four main designs:
- 2 kopeks – Deep green and red/yellow, featuring Ilya Muromets, a legendary Russian hero.
- 3 kopeks – Green and carmine/rose, depicting a mother symbolizing Russia, surrounded by children.
- 7 kopeks – Deep green and brown/buff, featuring a Cossack soldier shielding a young girl.
- 10 kopeks – Brown and blue/azure, illustrating St. George slaying a dragon, a classic symbol of bravery and strength.
The stamps were printed on surface-colored paper and issued with various perforation measurements:
- P 11½
- P 12½
- P 13½
Each variation carried a different market value, making them sought-after collectibles among philatelists.
Imperforate Variants and Fake Issues
Interestingly, all values exist in imperforate form, but these were never sold at post offices, making them rare and valuable. Collectors should also note that the 3 kopeks on orange paper are a known fake, cautioning buyers to verify authenticity before purchasing.
The 1915 War Charity Stamps: Color Changes and New Variations
By 1915, Russia modified the design of the War Charity stamps, introducing a color change and printing them on white paper instead of surface-colored paper.
New Color Schemes and Their Values
The revised 1915 series featured the same four denominations but with different color combinations:
- 2 kopeks – Grey and orange-brown
- 3 kopeks – Grey-black and carmine
- 10 kopeks – Brown and blue
Like the 1914 series, these stamps were issued in various perforations:
- P 12½
- P 11½
- P 13½
Rare and Unissued Stamps
One of the most notable items from the 1915 issue is the 7 (8) kopeks, perforation 12½ on white paper, which was prepared but never officially issued. This particular stamp is known to exist with a Specimen overprint and carries a high collector’s value (priced at £25 unissued).
Special Varieties
A unique “broken lance” variety of the 10 kopeks stamp was also noted, occurring on specific sheet positions (Nos. 43, 48, 93, and 98). This minor flaw is a point of interest for philatelists specializing in errors and varieties.
Collecting and Valuation
The War Charity stamps of Russia remain a fascinating subject for collectors due to their historical significance and unique design elements. While standard versions of these stamps are relatively affordable, rare variants, imperforate issues, and error stamps command significantly higher prices.
Market Trends and Pricing
- Common 1914 issues range from $1.00 to $8.00 per stamp.
- 1915 reissues are slightly more valuable, with the 10 kopeks stamp reaching up to $6.25.
- Rare imperforate pairs and Specimen overprints fetch considerably higher values, often exceeding $150 in auctions.
- The unissued 7 (8) kopeks stamp is one of the most valuable, priced at £25+ unissued.
Final Thoughts: A Tribute to Russian Heritage
The Russian War Charity stamps of 1914-1915 stand as more than just postage – they represent a nation’s wartime resilience and charitable efforts. From the depiction of legendary figures to the financial support they provided to soldiers’ families, these stamps are a window into Russia’s past. Collectors and historians alike continue to cherish these pieces as invaluable relics of a pivotal moment in world history.
For stamp collectors and enthusiasts, obtaining and preserving these historical artifacts is not just a hobby—it is a way of keeping history alive. Whether you are a seasoned philatelist or a beginner, adding these rare and beautiful stamps to your collection is undoubtedly a rewarding endeavour.