The 1858 Eagle Issue is one of the most iconic stamp releases in the history of Russian philately, symbolizing both the technical innovation of the era and the modernization efforts of Tsar Alexander II. These embossed masterpieces not only showcase the grandeur of imperial Russia but also tell a story of postal evolution in one of the world’s largest empires.
The Stamps: A Detailed Look
Issued in 1858, these stamps were the first definitive postage stamps of Russia, marking a departure from pre-stamp postal systems. The design features the double-headed eagle, a powerful emblem of the Russian Empire, embossed in colorless relief. Each denomination is watermarked with a “1,” “2,” or “3,” corresponding to the stamp’s face value. The thickened paper used to create the embossing is a testament to the meticulous production techniques of the era.
The issue consists of the following stamps:
- 10k Blue and Brown (No. 1):
- Imperforate Version: Released on January 1, 1858, this stamp holds legendary status among collectors. Examples used in 1857—before its official date of validity—are particularly rare.
- Unused: £13,000
- Used: £1,300
- Varieties:
- Postmarked and Pen marked: £950
- Pen marked Only: £650
- Perforated Version: Issued later with perforations (P 14½–15) on either thick or thin paper.
- Unused: £6,500
- Used: £325
- Imperforate Version: Released on January 1, 1858, this stamp holds legendary status among collectors. Examples used in 1857—before its official date of validity—are particularly rare.
- 20k Orange and Deep Blue (No. 2):
- Issued perforated with the same gauge, it is a striking and vibrant stamp.
- Unused: £9,500
- Used: £2,500
- Issued perforated with the same gauge, it is a striking and vibrant stamp.
- 30k Green and Crimson (No. 3):
- The highest denomination in the set, this stamp was meant for high-value mail.
- Unused: £11,000
- Used: £4,500
- Essay: An experimental essay of this stamp exists in violet and green, offering a rare glimpse into the design process.
- The highest denomination in the set, this stamp was meant for high-value mail.
Historical Context: A New Era for Russia
This issue reflects the sweeping reforms introduced under Tsar Alexander II, known for his efforts to modernize Russian society and infrastructure. These stamps were part of the Empire’s first standardized postal system, which brought efficiency and accessibility to both local and international mail services.
Although officially introduced on January 1, 1858, examples postmarked in 1857 exist, demonstrating their readiness ahead of time. These early postmarked examples are treasures for collectors, offering a fascinating intersection of philately and history.
Technical Marvels
The embossing technique used to create these stamps was revolutionary for its time. Rather than relying on traditional printing methods, the designers achieved the raised relief by thickening the paper itself. This intricate process resulted in stamps that are visually stunning and durable.
The watermark—simple numerals “1,” “2,” or “3”—provided an additional layer of security against forgery, a significant concern in 19th-century postal systems.
Why Collectors Love This Issue
The 1858 Eagle Issue stands out for its blend of beauty, rarity, and historical importance:
- The imperforate 10k blue and brown is one of the most coveted items in Russian philately.
- The existence of essays, varieties, and postmarked examples used before official release offers endless intrigue for specialists.
- With catalogued prices reaching up to £13,000, these stamps are a testament to their enduring value.
A Legacy Beyond Philately
The introduction of these stamps signified more than just a postal reform; it symbolized Russia’s entry into the global community of modern nations. The Eagle Issue remains a cherished piece of Russian history, embodying the artistry and innovation of its time.
For collectors and history enthusiasts alike, these stamps represent a pivotal moment in Russia’s imperial legacy, offering a tangible connection to the grandeur of the past. Whether you’re drawn to their intricate design, their storied history, or their rarity, the 1858 Eagle Issue is a philatelic masterpiece that continues to captivate to this day.