During World War II, France issued a series of postage stamps known as the National Relief Fund Stamps of 1943. These stamps were released on June 7, 1943, and were part of a fundraising effort to support the war-torn nation. The set includes a range of beautifully engraved stamps that carry historical and cultural significance. They depict symbolic themes related to work, family, and patriotism, portraying an idealized vision of France under the Vichy government.
The Design and Symbolism
The stamps were designed and engraved by notable artists and engravers of the time, including Ch. Mazélin, Des Lemagny, R. Cami, P. Munier, and Eng Feltesse. The series includes five stamps, each bearing a unique design and message:
- 1f.20 + 1f.40 maroon (Marshal Pétain): This stamp features a portrait of Marshal Pétain, the leader of Vichy France, honoring his role as the head of state.
- 1f.50 + 2f.50 bright scarlet (‘Work’): Depicts a muscular worker striking a rock, symbolizing labor and the spirit of rebuilding France.
- 2f.40 + 7f. brown (‘Family’): Illustrates a family gathered around a table, symbolizing unity and the importance of family values during trying times.
- 4f. + 10f. violet (‘Patrie’): Shows a pair of flag bearers, representing patriotism and the unity of the French nation.
- 5f. + 1f.50 brown (Marshal Pétain): A second stamp depicting Marshal Pétain, reflecting his leadership and dedication to France.
The stamps were meticulously printed using the recess printing technique, which gives them a classic, embossed appearance.
Philatelic Value and Rarity
The value of these stamps varies significantly based on their condition and whether they are in mint or used form. Below are the catalog prices according to the Stanley Gibbons catalog:
- 1f.20 + 1f.40 maroon: Mint – £16.00, Used – £22.00
- 1f.50 + 2f.50 bright scarlet: Mint – £16.00, Used – £22.00
- 2f.40 + 7f. brown: Mint – £16.00, Used – £22.00
- 4f. + 10f. violet: Mint – £16.00, Used – £22.00
- 5f. + 1f.50 brown: Mint – £16.00, Used – £22.00
- Horizontal strip of 5, Nos. 780/784: Mint – £85.00
The entire set of five stamps has a combined catalog value of approximately £85 in mint condition. These stamps are relatively affordable compared to some other wartime issues, making them an attractive option for collectors interested in World War II-era French philately.
Historical Context
The National Relief Fund Stamps were issued during one of the most turbulent periods in French history. Under the Vichy regime, these stamps reflected the government’s effort to project an image of resilience and national pride amid occupation and hardship. Marshal Pétain, revered by some as a war hero from World War I, became a controversial figure during World War II for his collaboration with Nazi Germany.
These stamps not only serve as postal items but also as historical artifacts that capture the conflicting sentiments of the period. The depictions of work, family, and patriotism reflect the Vichy government’s ideological stance, promoting labor, unity, and dedication to France.
Collecting and Preservation
Collectors value these stamps not only for their historical relevance but also for their artistic merit and quality engraving. When collecting, it is important to consider:
- Condition: Mint condition stamps are generally more valuable.
- Rarity: Horizontal strips and complete sets are especially prized.
- Authentication: Due to the presence of forged or counterfeit stamps from the era, collectors should verify authenticity, preferably with certification.
Final Thoughts
The National Relief Fund Stamps of 1943 remain a significant part of French philatelic history. They encapsulate a complex and controversial chapter, serving as a reminder of the efforts to maintain national pride and unity in the face of adversity. Whether viewed as historical documents or as exquisite works of art, these stamps continue to fascinate collectors worldwide.