The stamps issued by the French Committee of National Liberation (FCNL) represent a significant chapter in the history of World War II and French philately. These stamps were introduced between 1943 and 1946 during the Free French movement, providing a tangible connection to the resistance effort against Nazi Germany and the subsequent rebuilding of France.
Key Issues and Their Significance:
- 1943 – Aid to Resistance Movement (First and Second Issues):
- These stamps were released to support the French Resistance, a network of underground fighters resisting Nazi occupation. The designs prominently feature allegorical figures of liberty, patriots, and the Cross of Lorraine, a symbol of the Free French forces.
- The funds raised through the sale of these stamps were directed to aiding resistance fighters and their families.
- 1943 – French Solidarity Fund:
- These stamps aimed to raise funds for those affected by the war, including displaced families and those suffering economic hardship due to the occupation.
- The designs emphasize compassion and national unity, reflecting the hope of a liberated France.
- 1944 – Aviation Fund (Air Stamps):
- Released to support the French Air Force, these stamps symbolize the rebuilding of the nation’s air power, which played a vital role in the liberation effort.
- The artwork includes a guardian angel over a pilot, symbolizing protection and resilience.
- 1945-1946 – Postage Due (Timbre-Taxe) Stamps:
- Issued in a variety of denominations, these stamps were used for unpaid or underpaid mail. The designs, though simple, carry the weight of a country reorganizing its postal services after years of war and occupation.
Historical Context of the French Committee of National Liberation:
- The French Committee of National Liberation (Comité Français de Libération Nationale) was formed on June 3, 1943, by Generals Henri Giraud and Charles de Gaulle. Its primary aim was to unify Free French forces and coordinate efforts to liberate France.
- After November 9, 1943, Charles de Gaulle assumed sole leadership, transforming the committee into a provisional government for liberated territories.
- The FCNL actively contested the legitimacy of the Vichy regime, consolidating French forces against the Axis powers and collaborating with the Allies during campaigns in North Africa, Corsica, and mainland France.
Availability and Usage:
- Initially sold in Corsica (liberated in 1943) and subsequently in southern France and its colonies, these stamps became a rallying symbol of unity and hope. By November 1944, they were widely available throughout France and French territories.
Collectability:
The FCNL stamps are highly collectible due to their historical importance, limited circulation, and connection to the liberation of France. Each issue offers a narrative of resistance, resilience, and the nation’s determination to rebuild.
These stamps not only represent postal history but also serve as poignant reminders of the struggles and sacrifices made during the fight for freedom in World War II.